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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out These particular extensions are also implemented as stand-alone snap-ins, and when you use them in your own console, they add the same functionality as they do in the preconfigured administration tools. You ll find that many extensions are implemented as both extensions and stand-alone snap-ins. Many doesn t mean all: Some extensions are meant only to add functionality to an existing snap-in and they are not also implemented as stand-alone snap-ins. Keep in mind extensions are optional and can be included or excluded from a snap-in by changing options within the console when you are authoring it. For example, if you didn t want someone to be able to use Disk Management from within Computer Management, you could edit the extension options for Computer Management on that user s computer to remove the entry for Disk Management. The user would then be unable to manage disks from within Computer Management. The user would still, however, be able to manage disks using other tools. MMC Modes MMC has two operating modes: author mode and user mode. In author mode, you can create and modify a console s design by adding or removing snap-ins and setting console options. In user mode, the console design is frozen, and you cannot change it. By default, the prepackaged console tools for administration open in user mode, and this is why you are unable to make changes to these console tools. As Figure 11-2 shows, when you open a console that is in author mode, you have an extended File menu that allows you to create new consoles, open existing consoles, save the current console, add/remove snap-ins, and set console options. In contrast, when you are working with one of the preconfigured console tools or any other tool in user mode, you have a limited File menu, as shown in Figure 11-3. Here, you can access a limited set of console options or exit the console that s it. Chapter 11 Figure 11-2. In author mode, consoles have additional options that help you design the interface. 308 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Windows Server 2003 MMC Administration provide the functionality necessary for administration. Third-party tools from independent software vendors now use MMC snap-ins as well. Note The terms console and tool are often used interchangeably. For example, in the text, I often refer to such and such as a tool when technically it is a preconfigured console containing a snap-in. For example, Active Directory Users and Computers is a tool for managing users, groups, and computers. Not all tools are consoles, however. The System tool in Control Panel is a tool for managing system properties, but it is not a console. Although you can load multiple snap-ins into a single console, most of the preconfigured consoles have only a single snap-in. For example, most of the tools on the Administrative Tools menu consist of a preconfigured console with a single snap-in even the Computer Management tool shown in Figure 11-1, which consists of a preconfigured console with the Computer Management snap-in added to it. Figure 11-1. The Computer Management tool consists of a preconfigured console with the Computer Management snap-in added to it. The many features of the Computer Management snap-in are good examples of how snap- ins can have nodes and extension components. A node defines a level within the console or within a snap-in. Computer Management has a root node, which is labeled Computer Management, and three top-level nodes, which are labeled System Tools, Storage, and Services and Applications. An extension component is a type of snap-in that is used to extend the functionality of an existing snap-in. Computer Management has many extensions. In fact, each entry under the top-level nodes is an extension and many of these extensions can themselves have extensions. Chapter 11 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out . As discussed in Chapter 1, Introducing Windows Server 2003, for selected snap-ins the MMC now supports multiple-item selecting and editing another much- needed improvement. These features allow you to select multiple objects and perform the same operations on them, including editing. . As discussed in Chapter 1, for selected snap-ins the MMC now supports drag- anddrop functionality. This brings a much-needed improvement to the administration snap-ins and allows you to perform such tasks as dragging a user, computer, or group from one organizational unit (OU) to another in Active Directory Users and Computers. In addition, for the Active Directory Users and Computers snap-in, you can now do the following: . Reset access permissions to the default values for objects, show the effective permission for an object, and show the parent of an inherited permission. . Save Active Directory queries and reuse them so that you can easily perform common or complex queries. Keep in mind that the MMC isn t a one-size-fits-all approach to administration. Some administrative functions aren t implemented for use with the MMC. Many system and operating system properties are still configured using Control Panel utilities. Many other system and administrative functions are accessed using wizards. Most administrative tools regardless of type have command-line counterparts that run as separate executables from the command line. The really good news, however, is that you can integrate all non-MMC tools and even command-line utilities into a custom console by creating links to them. In this way, your custom console remains the central interface for administration, and you can use it to access quickly any type of tool with which you routinely work. For more information, see the section entitled Building Custom MMCs later in this chapter. Using the MMC The MMC is a framework for management applications that offers a unified interface for administration. It is not designed to replace management applications; rather, it is designed to be their central interface. As such, the MMC doesn t have any inherent management functions. It uses add-in components, called snap-ins, to provide the necessary administrative functionality. MMC Snap-Ins To take advantage of what the MMC framework has to offer, you add any of the available stand-alone snap-ins to a console. A console is simply a container for snap-ins that uses the MMC framework. Dozens of preconfigured snap-ins are available from Microsoft, and they Chapter 11 306 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Chapter 11 Windows Server 2003 MMC Administration Introducing the MMC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Designing Custom Taskpads for Using the MMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 the MMC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327 Building Custom MMCs. . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Publishing and Distributing Your Custom Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339 In this chapter, you ll learn how to work with and customize the Microsoft Management Console (MMC). You ll also find a discussion of administration tools that use the MMC. You can learn many techniques to help you better understand Microsoft Windows Server 2003, and indeed, as mentioned in the previous chapter, you must master the MMC before you can truly master Windows Server 2003. Introducing the MMC Compared to Microsoft Windows NT, the process of administration is much easier in Windows Server 2003. Mostly this is because of the MMC and the prepackaged administration tools that use it to help you more readily manage computers, users, and other aspects of the network environment. Not only does the MMC simplify administration, it also helps to integrate the many disparate tools that were previously available by using a single unified interface. The advantages of having a unified interface are significant because after you learn the structure of one MMC tool, you can apply what you ve learned to all the other MMC tools. Equally as significant is the capability to build your own consoles and customize existing consoles. You can in fact combine administrative components to build your own console configuration, and then store this console for future use. You would then have quick access to the tools you use the most through a single console. If you ve used the MMC in Microsoft Windows 2000, you might be wondering what s new in Windows Server 2003. For starters, the MMC in Windows Server 2003 has a new version number. It is MMC 2.0 and it offers several enhancements: . In all of the console tools and in the MMC framework, the Console menu has been renamed as the File menu. This was done to make the console more consistent with other Microsoft tools that have a File menu. Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Configuring Windows Server 2003 You can display or hide individual toolbars by right-clicking the taskbar to display the shortcut menu, pointing to Toolbars, and then selecting the toolbar you want to use. This toggles the toolbar on and off. Tip Have toolbars use less space by turning off the title By default, a name label is displayed for all toolbars except Quick Launch. This label wastes taskbar space, and you can turn it off. Right-click the toolbar, and then click Show Title to clear the option. The option is a toggle; if you want to see the title again, repeat the procedure. Creating Personal Toolbars In addition to the custom toolbars that are available, you can create personal toolbars as well. Personal toolbars are based on existing folders, and their buttons are based on the folder contents. The most common toolbars you might create are ones that point to folders on the computer or shared folders on the network. For example, if you routinely access the C:Windist, C:WindowsSystem32LogFiles, and C:WindowsSystem32Inersvr folders, you could add to the taskbar a toolbar that provides quick access buttons to these resources. Then you could access one of the folders simply by clicking the corresponding toolbar button. You can create personal toolbars by right-clicking the taskbar to display the shortcut menu, pointing to Toolbars, and then clicking New Toolbar. This displays the New Toolbar dialog box, as shown in the following screen: Chapter 10 Next use the Choose A Folder list box to choose the folder you want to make into a toolbar. When you click OK, the folder is displayed as a new toolbar on the taskbar. If you add shortcuts to the folder, the shortcuts automatically appear on the toolbar as buttons that can be selected. Keep in mind that if you decide that you don t want to use the toolbar anymore and close it, you must reselect the folder before it can be viewed on the taskbar again. Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out Chapter 10 As with other aspects of the menu system, the Quick Launch toolbar options have a representation in the file system. You ll find Quick Launch options in the %UserProfile%Application DataMicrosoftInternet ExplorerQuick Launch folder. Thus, the full file path to the Show Desktop file is %UserProfile%Application DataMicrosoftInternet ExplorerQuick LaunchShow Desktop.scf. To restore the button to the toolbar, you have several options. You can copy Show Desktop.scf from another user s profile, or you can re-create the file. To re-create the file, follow these steps: 1 Start Notepad, and then add the following lines of text: [Shell] Command=2 IconFile=explorer.exe,3 [Taskbar] Command=ToggleDesktop 2 Select Save from the File menu, and then save the file in the %UserProfile%Application DataMicrosoftInternet ExplorerQuick Launch folder. Use the file name Show Desktop.scf. If you don t know the actual value for the %UserProfile% environment variable, open a command prompt, and type set userprofile. The command prompt then displays the variable value, such as D:Documents and SettingsAdministrator.CORPSVR01. Displaying Other Custom Toolbars In addition to the Quick Launch toolbar discussed previously, three other customizable tool- bars are available for the taskbar: . Address Provides an Address box into which you can type Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) and other addresses that you want to access, either on the World Wide Web, on the local network, or on the local computer. When full file paths are specified, the default application for the file is launched automatically to display the specified file, such as Internet Explorer or Microsoft Office Word. One of the things you might not realize about the Address toolbar is that it retains the same URL history as the Address bar in Internet Explorer, meaning if you previously opened a document on a network share, you could quickly access it again through the history. . Links Provides access to the Links folder on the Favorites menu of Internet Explorer. To add links to files, Web pages, or other resources, drag shortcuts onto the Links tool- bar. To remove links, right-click the link, and select Delete. When prompted, confirm the action by clicking Yes. . Desktop Provides access to all the shortcuts on the local desktop so that you don t have to minimize windows or click Show Desktop on the Quick Launch toolbar to access them. 302 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Configuring Windows Server 2003 Note When the Hide Inactive Icons option is selected in the Taskbar And Start Menu Properties dialog box, you can right-click in the notification area and then select Customize Notifications to directly access the Customize Notifications dialog box. Optimizing Toolbars Several custom toolbars are available for the taskbar. The toolbar that most people are familiar with is the Quick Launch toolbar, which provides quick access to commonly used programs and the Windows desktop. The taskbar can display other toolbars that come with Windows Server 2003, and you can create you own toolbars as well. Customizing the Quick Launch Toolbar The Quick Launch toolbar includes buttons that provide quick access to the Windows desktop and the default Web browser, usually Internet Explorer. If your organization has custom applications or a preferred suite of applications, you can add buttons for these applications on the Quick Launch toolbar. If applications are no longer used, you can later remove the additional buttons. You can add a button to the Quick Launch toolbar by clicking the item or existing shortcut that you want to place on the toolbar, holding the mouse button, and dragging the item or shortcut onto the Quick Launch toolbar. When you are in the location where you want to place the item or shortcut, release the mouse button. To remove a button from the Quick Launch toolbar, right-click the button on the toolbar, and then choose Delete from the shortcut menu. When prompted to confirm the action, click Yes. Chapter 10 Inside Out Restoring the Show Desktop button Show Desktop is the most useful button on the Quick Launch toolbar. The first time you click this button, the operating system brings the Windows desktop to the foreground in front of all open windows. The second time you click this button, the operating system restores the original view, sending the desktop to the background. If this button is accidentally deleted, you can re-create it, but the process is not like creating a regular shortcut. This is because Show Desktop is a special button that is created by using a Windows Explorer command file, and to re-create the button, you must re-create this file, called Show Desktop.scf. Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out Chapter 10 User-specified programs that run in the background are only one type of program that is displayed in the notification area. Some programs, such as Automatic Updates, are managed by the Windows operating system. For example, Automatic Updates runs periodically to check for updates to the operating system. When an update is detected, the user can be notified and given the opportunity to apply the update. Other types of programs are configured during installation to run in the background at startup, such as an antivirus program. You can typically enable or disable the display of notification area icons related to these programs through the setup options in the related applications. Windows Server 2003 also provides a common interface for controlling whether the icons for these programs are displayed in the notification area. This allows you to specify whether and how icons are displayed on a per- program basis. To control the display of icons in the notification area, right-click the taskbar, and then choose Properties from the shortcut menu. If you want all icons to be displayed, clear the Hide Inactive Icons option, and then click OK. If you want to customize the appearance of icons, select the Hide Inactive Icons option, and then click Customize. This displays the Customize Notifications dialog box shown in Figure 10-4. Figure 10-4. You can customize notifications for notification area items. You can now optimize the notification behavior for current items displayed in the notification area as well as items that were displayed in the past but aren t currently active. The Name column shows the name of the program. The Behavior column shows the currently selected notification behavior, which is typically Hide When Inactive, but which can also be set to Always Hide or Always Show. 300 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Configuring Windows Server 2003 Figure 10-3. Exploring All Users gets you to the Start Menu folder for all users of the computer; then you must work your way down to the Startup folder under Programs. You can add or remove startup programs for individual users as well, such as the administrator. To do this, log on as the user whose startup applications you want to manage. Right-click Start, and then select Explore from the shortcut menu. This opens Windows Explorer with the %UserProfile%Start Menu folder selected. In the left pane, double-click the Programs folder under Start Menu, and then click Startup. You can now add or remove startup programs for this user as discussed previously. Chapter 10 Inside Out Why log on as the user to access the Startup folder? You might be wondering why I told you to log on as the user whose startup applications you want to control. Technically, you don t need to do this, but it is easier if you do. Why? Because when you select Explore, you ll be taken to that user s Start Menu folder sometimes getting the right user profile folder is half the battle, especially on a system that has been upgraded or renamed or reinstalled and that contains several different profile entries for each user. If you can t log on as the user, access the Documents And Settings folder on the system drive, and work your way down through the user s profile data folders. These are listed by account name. Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out Chapter 10 Grouping Similar Taskbar Items As discussed previously, Windows Server 2003 implements many of the interface changes of Windows XP. One of these interface changes has to do with how like items are displayed on the taskbar. In versions of the Windows operating system prior to Windows XP, each item was displayed with a separate icon. Beginning with Windows XP, similar items are grouped together to reduce taskbar clutter. For example, if you open multiple MMCs and the taskbar needs additional room for other items, these consoles are grouped under a single button and are then accessible by clicking the button and selecting the individual MMC you want to use. In some ways, this is a good thing, but it can be confusing. You can control whether similar items are grouped together by right-clicking the taskbar and then choosing Properties from the shortcut menu. Afterward, select Group Similar Taskbar Buttons to enable this option or clear Group Similar Taskbar Buttons to disable this option. Controlling Programs in the Notification Area The notification area, also referred to as the system tray, is the area on the far right side of the taskbar. It shows the system clock as well as icons for programs that were loaded automatically by the operating system at startup and that are running in the background. When you point to icons in the notification area, a ScreenTip provides information on the running program. You can right- click the program icon to display a menu of available options. Each program has a different menu of options, most of which provide quick access to routine tasks. User-specified programs that run in the background are managed through the Startup folder. The Startup folder is configured at two levels. Under the All Users folder, there is a Startup folder for all users of a given system. Any program referenced in the All Users folder is run in the background regardless of which user logs on. Within the profile data for individual users, there is a Startup folder specific to each user s logon. Programs referenced in a personal Startup folder are run only when that user logs on. You can add or remove startup programs for all users by right-clicking Start and then selecting Explore All Users from the shortcut menu. This opens Windows Explorer with the Documents And SettingsAll UsersStart Menu folder selected, as shown in Figure 10-3. In the left pane, double-click the Programs folder under Start Menu, and then click Startup. You can now add or remove startup programs for all users as follows: . To add startup programs, create a shortcut to the program that you want to run. . To remove a startup program, delete its shortcut from the Startup folder. 298 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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