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Managing Windows Server 2003 Once the Run As utility is started, select The Following User (as shown in the following screen), and then type the user name and password for the account to use. When you click OK, Run As opens the program using the specified account credentials. Note You can also choose to run the program with your current user account, except with restricted access. This prevents the program from using Administrator privileges. Using the Secondary Logon at the Command Prompt You can also use the secondary logon at the command prompt. When you do this, the basic syntax is as follows: runas /user:DomainUser Program where Domain is the optional domain name in which the user account is located, User is the name of the user account whose permissions you want to use, and Program is the program you want to run, such as runas /user:CPANDLsysadmin cmd Here, you are using the RUNAS command to start the command prompt with domain Administrator privileges. If you don t specify the domain, the current domain is assumed, such as would be the case in the following example: runas /user:sysadmin cmd Chapter 12 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out Inside Out Secondary logons can help safeguard the network Once implemented, secondary logons and the associated security precautions can help reduce the number of security incidents your organization experiences. We all know about administrators that fail to use screen savers or set their screen savers to such a long wait time that they are ineffective in protecting the system from passing users who might want to perform administration tasks. We all know how irregularly most people, including administrators, change passwords, even when password policies are enforced. But did you also know about fake logons (Trojan horses) that can be used to collect your logon information and relay it to those who want to break into your systems? Basically, if you browse the Web, a page containing the Trojan horse code could be downloaded to your computer. Once it s there, the Trojan horse could collect your logon and password and use them to wreak havoc on the computer and the network. If you are using an ordinary user account rather than an Administrator account, the intruder will have at best limited access instead of free run of the network and it is the free run of the network offered by an Administrator account that can jeopardize the security of the entire organization. Secondary logons are enabled by using the Secondary Logon service, which is installed and enabled by default in Windows Server 2003 (as well as in Windows 2000). When this service is running, administrators can log on to the network using an ordinary user account and then switch to the secondary logon to run programs as an administrator. Keep in mind that, by default, ordinary users cannot log on to servers, so administrators must log on locally with their Administrator accounts, which should have the Log On Locally privilege. Note Not all tasks can be handled by using the secondary logon. Some administration tasks, such as setting system runtime parameters, require an interactive logon and do not support the secondary logon. This means that you must log on to the computer using the Administrator account to manage these tasks. Running Programs Using the Secondary Logon You can use one of two techniques to run programs using a different user account: . To run administrative tools and most other programs using the secondary logon, right-click the desired program, and select Run As. . To run Control Panel tools using the secondary logon, hold down the Shift key while right-clicking the desired tool, then select Run As. Chapter 12 370 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Managing Windows Server 2003 3 After you enter your user information, click Next, then select the destination directory for the Resource Kit tools. The default location is %ProgramFiles%Windows Resource Kits Tools. You can accept the default, type a new directory path, or click Browse to search for a location. The Resource Kit uses about 37 MB of disk space. 4 To start the installation, click Install Now. Once installation completes, you access the Resource Kit tools through the Resource Kit Tools Help. Click Start, point to Programs or All Programs as appropriate, click Windows Resource Kit Tools, and then select Windows Resource Kit Tools Help. As with Support Tools, Resource Kit tools are organized alphabetically by file name and by category. Clicking a tool name accesses a help page that displays the online help documentation for the tool. The tool help page also has a link for running the tool. Note The executables for the Resource Kit tools are in the installation directory, which by default is %SystemDrive%Program FilesWindows Resource KitsTools, and once again, the system path is updated to include the Resource Kit installation directory. This allows you to run the tools at any command prompt regardless of the current directory. In most cases, you can type the command name following by /?, such as moveuser /?, to display the command syntax. Using the Secondary Logon In UNIX, there s always been a distinction between accounts used by administrators and those used by users. You log on to UNIX systems using a user account, and if you must perform administrative tasks, you change temporarily to a secondary logon with Administrator privileges so you could perform these tasks. Switching to a secondary logon is accomplished at the command line without having to log out. Basically, you type su root, enter the administrator password, and then obtain Administrator privileges as long as you use the current command line. When you are finished, you exit the secondary logon, and go back to working on everyday tasks. Beginning with Windows 2000, Microsoft has recommended and made possible the use of a similar approach to administration, and the primary reason for this is to help maintain system and network security. Thus, instead of logging on with an account that has Administrator privileges and using it as your everyday account, it is recommended that you log on with an account that has standard user permissions and then use the secondary logon to perform administration tasks. Chapter 12 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out Inside Out Running the Support Tools from a command prompt Another way to run one of the support tools is to type the tool s file name at a command prompt. You will find the executables for the support tools in the installation directory, which by default is %SystemDrive%Program FilesSupport Tools. When you installed the support tools, the system path was updated to include the Support Tools installation directory. Because of this, you need not be in this directory to run the support tools and can run tools at any command prompt regardless of the current directory. As with other Windows utilities and commands, you can obtain syntax information for using most of the support tools by typing the tool s command name followed by /?, such as windiff /?. Using Resource Kit Tools The Windows Server 2003 Resource Kit provides an additional set of graphical and command-line programs that you can use to help you better manage the network. As with Support Tools, the Resource Kit tools are available for installation on systems running Windows Server 2003 and can be used with all versions of Windows Server 2003 as well as Windows XP Professional. To install the Resource Kit tools, you ll need the distribution CD-ROM shipped as part of the boxed Resource Kit set or Internet access so that you can obtain the free download from the Microsoft Windows Download Center. In either case, you install the Resource Kit tools as follows: 1 Start the Windows Resource Kit Setup Wizard by inserting the Windows Server 2003 Resource Kit CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive or double-clicking the executable file you downloaded from the Microsoft Windows Download Center at http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/. Caution The Resource Kit tools installation modifies the Help And Support center. You must close any instances of this console that are running before you start the installation process. Otherwise, the installation will fail. 2 Click Next. Read the End-User License Agreement, and then, if you agree and want to continue, click I Agree, and then click Next again. (If you do not agree, the installation will end.) Chapter 12 368 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Managing Windows Server 2003 2 In Windows Explorer, double-click Support, and then double-click Tools. Double- click Suptools.msi. This starts the Windows Support Tools Setup Wizard. Click Next. 3 Read the End-User License Agreement, and then, if you agree and want to continue, click I Agree, and then click Next. (If you do not agree, the installation will end.) 4 After you enter your user information, click Next, then select the destination directory for Support Tools. The default location is %ProgramFiles%Support Tools. You can accept the default, type a new directory path, or click Browse to search for a location. Support Tools use about 24 megabytes (MB) of disk space. 5 To start the installation, click Install Now. Once installation completes, you can access Support Tools through the Tools management console, as shown in Figure 12-9. To access the console, click Start, point to Programs or All Programs as appropriate, click Windows Support Tools, and then select Support Tools Help. As the figure shows, the tools are organized alphabetically by file name and by category. Clicking a tool name accesses a help page that displays the online help documentation for the tool. The tool help page also has a link for running the tool. Figure 12-9. Use the Tools management console to learn about the Support Tools that are available. Chapter 12 367 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out . Advanced Used to control many of the key features of the Windows operating system, including application performance, user profiles, startup and recovery, environment variables, and error reporting. User profiles are discussed in Chapter 37, and application performance is discussed in Chapter 15. . Automatic Updates Used to manage the Automatic Updates configuration on the server. When enabled, the Automatic Updates service compares programs, operating system components, and drivers installed on a system to a master list of items and determines whether updates should be installed. . Remote Used to control Remote Assistance invitations and Remote Desktop connections. Remote Assistance invitations are primarily used with workstations and not servers. Remote Desktop is discussed in Chapter 30, Using Remote Desktop for Administation. Using Support Tools If you are looking for additional tools to help you manage the network, you can install the Windows Server 2003 Support Tools. The Support Tools are a collection of graphical and command-line programs designed to help you manage the following components: . Active Directory . Disks, data, files, and folders . Hardware . Processes and services . Performance . Printers and fax machines . Security These tools are available for installation on systems running Windows Server 2003 and can be used with all versions of Windows Server 2003 and Microsoft Windows XP Professional. You install Support Tools from the Windows Server 2003 distribution CD-ROM by following these steps: 1 Insert the Windows Server 2003 distribution CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive. When the Autorun screen appears, click Perform Additional Tasks, and then click Browse This CD to start Windows Explorer. Caution The Support Tools installation modifies the Help And Support center. You must close any instances of this console that are running before you start the installation process. Otherwise, the installation will fail. Chapter 12 366 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Managing Windows Server 2003 The Computer Name tab (as shown in the following screen) displays the full computer name of the system and the domain membership, if applicable. The full computer name is essentially the DNS name of the computer, which also identifies the computer s place within the Active Directory hierarchy. To change the computer name or move a computer to a new domain, use one of the following procedures: . For member servers (not domain controllers), you can click Change to change the system name and domain associated with the computer. This displays the Computer Name Changes dialog box. If you want to change the computer s name, type a new name in the Computer Name field. If you want to change the computer s domain or workgroup membership, click Domain or Workgroup as appropriate, and then enter the new domain or workgroup name. Click OK. If you change the computer s domain, the computer will be moved to that domain and, in which case, you might be prompted to provide the appropriate credentials for joining the computer to that domain. . For domain controllers, you can click Change to modify the name of the computer, but doing so will make the domain controller temporarily unavailable to other computers in the domain. You cannot use this feature to change the domain in which the domain controller is running. To change the domain, you must demote the domain controller using Dcpromo to make it a member server, change the computer s network ID by using the System utility, and then promote the server using Dcpromo so that it is once again a domain controller. The other System utility tabs are as follows: . Hardware Used to manage a server s hardware profiles and devices and to add new hardware. Hardware profiles allow a computer to have different hardware configurations for different situations, such as onsite or offsite use. You ll learn more about hardware profiles in Chapter 13. Chapter 12 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out The Last Run Time tells you only the last time the scheduled task ran. It won t tell you whether there were problems running tasks prior to the last run time. This you can determine only by examining the Task Scheduler log file. You can open this log in Notepad by selecting View Log on the Advanced menu when the Scheduled Tasks folder is selected in Windows Explorer. Using the System Utility System allows you to configure system properties, including properties for managing the operating system configuration, startup, shutdown, hardware profiles, and user profiles. System is the most advanced Control Panel utility, and its options are organized into several tabs. The General tab (as shown in the following screen) provides summary information about the system, including the operating system version, service pack level (if any), registered owner, Windows serial number, processor type, and system random access memory (RAM). Inside Out Determining the service pack level and hot fixes that are installed Often, you ll want to know which service pack a server has (if any). The General tab provides one way to access this information, but a much quicker way is to type gettype at the command prompt. Neither technique will tell you about which hot fixes a computer has installed. To determine the hot fixes installed on a computer, use the Add or Remove Programs utility, and scroll through the list of currently installed programs under Change Or Remove Programs. Chapter 12 364 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Managing Windows Server 2003 10 Click Next. The final wizard page provides a summary of the task you re scheduling. Click Finish to complete the scheduling process. Tip Set arguments for scripts after creating the task For scripts, you can set command-line arguments, but only after you create the scheduled task by using the wizard. Before clicking Finish, select Open Advanced Properties For This Task When I Click Finish, or simply double-click the task in Windows Explorer after clicking Finish. Then, in the Run box, type the parameters after the task path. If the task path includes spaces, be sure to enclose the path in double quotation marks ( ). Similarly, if a command- line argument includes spaces, enclose the argument in double quotation marks ( ). Troubleshooting Correcting errors with task creation If an error occurs when you create a task, you ll see an error prompt. The task should still be created, but you might need to edit the task s properties. In Windows Explorer, double- click the task to correct the specified error. One of the more common errors you might encounter is Access Denied. This error can occur if the user credentials provided are incorrect, such as occurs if you enter the wrong password or the user account doesn t exist in the domain. Inside Out Task startup problems Task Scheduler doesn t verify the information you provide. If you don t specify the correct information, the task simply won t run or will generate errors when it does run. One way to check tasks is to view their status and last result in the Scheduled Tasks folder. Any task listed as Could Not Start should be examined. Sometimes, however, a task that is listed as Running might not in fact be running and instead can be frozen or running errant. To check for these types of tasks, use the entries in the Last Run Time column, which tell you when a task was started. If the task has been running for more than a day, there is usually a problem. To stop the task, right-click it in the Scheduled Tasks folder, then select End Task. You could also wait for the Task Scheduler to stop the task. By default, all tasks time out after running for 72 hours. You can change the timeout in the Settings tab of the Properties dialog box for the task. Chapter 12 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out Figure 12-7. One Time Only tasks can be set to run at a specific date and time. 8 For tasks that run when the computer starts or when the task s user logs on, you don t have to set the start date and time. The task runs automatically when the startup or logon event occurs. 9 Click Next. Provide the user name and password for the account under which the task will run, as shown in Figure 12-8. This account must have the privileges and permissions necessary to run the task. Figure 12-8. Provide the logon information for the user account under which the task will run. Note In Windows domains, be sure to enter the user name in the form: DomainUsername, such as CPANDLwrstanek, where CPANDL is the domain and wrstanek is the user account. Chapter 12 362 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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