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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out Chapter 13 Figure 13-6. Any device that uses system resources has a Resources tab. Devices can use multiple I/O and memory ranges. For example, the Video Graphics Adapter (VGA) adapter on one of our computers used three I/O ranges and three memory ranges. Additionally, multiple PCI devices can share the same IRQs when using Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) BIOS. This is because ACPI BIOS allows IRQ sharing. To learn more about resource sharing and configuration options, see the section entitled Resolving Resource Conflicts later in this chapter. Managing Installed Drivers Windows Server 2003 provides three key options for managing device drivers: . Update Driver As new drivers become available, you might want to update the device driver by replacing the old driver with the new driver. Primarily, you do this when you are having a hardware problem that you suspect is caused by the device driver. You may also want to update a device driver to improve performance, gain features, and so forth. . Roll Back Driver If you find that a driver you ve updated isn t working as expected, you can attempt to uninstall the old driver and roll back your system configuration to the previously installed driver. You can roll back only if you ve updated a driver. If you haven t, clicking the rollback option displays a prompt that allows you to run a troubleshooter. 394 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Managing and Troubleshooting Hardware Duplex. Most of the time, you ll want this set to Auto Detect. Sometimes, however, to correct a specific problem, you must use a preset speed and duplex setting, such as 100Mbps/Half Duplex or 10Mbps/Full Duplex. You should do this, however, only when this setting is recommended based on your network configuration or the issue you are trying to troubleshoot. Chapter 13 Figure 13-5. You ll find that most network adapters have an Advanced tab for setting transmission options. Any device that uses system resources will have a Resources tab like the one shown in Figure 13-6. The Resources tab options show the device resources that are currently assigned and their settings. There are four types of device resources: . DMA The DMA channel used by the device. Values are shown as integers, such as 02. . Memory Range The range of memory addresses used by the device. Values are shown in hexadecimal format, such as E8206000 E8206FFF. . I/O Range The range of I/O ports used by the device. Values are shown in hexadecimal format, such as 5400 543F. . IRQ Line IRQ line used by the device. Values are shown as integers, such as 10. 393 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out Chapter 13 The Driver tab, shown in Figure 13-4, provides basic information about the driver provider, creation date, version, and digital signature. You should be wary of any drivers that list the provider as Unknown as well as drivers that are listed as Not Digitally Signed. Drivers signed by Microsoft are listed as being signed by Microsoft Windows Publisher. Figure 13-4. Use the Driver tab to determine the driver provider, creation date, version, and digital signature. You can view additional information about the driver by clicking Driver Details. If no driver files are required or have been loaded for the device, you ll see a message stating this. Otherwise, you ll see the names and locations of all associated files, including an icon that indicates the signing status of each individual file. Selecting a file in this list displays details for that file in the lower section of the dialog box. Viewing Advanced, Resources, and Other Settings Devices often have other tabs, such as Advanced, Resources, and Power Management. Most network adapters have an Advanced tab. As shown in Figure 13-5, these options can control transmission options. You should change these options only if you are trying to resolve specific performance or connectivity issues as directed by the device manufacturer or a Microsoft Knowledge Base article. The setting that causes the most problems is Link Speed & 392 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Managing and Troubleshooting Hardware Chapter 13 Figure 13-2. Use the device Properties dialog box to obtain essential information about a device, including whether it is functioning properly. Figure 13-3. Disabled devices are listed with an error status because they aren t functioning; you can enable them by clicking Enable Device. 391 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out Chapter 13 To list devices on remote computers, use the /S parameter followed by a computer name or Internet Protocol (IP) address to specify a remote computer to query. You can also specify the Run As permissions by using /U followed by the user name and /P followed by the user s password. Here s an example: driverquery /v /s corpserver01 /u wrstanek /p 49iners. You can use the options on the View menu to change the defaults for which types of devices are displayed and how the devices are listed, as follows: . Devices By Type is the default view, and it displays devices by the type of device installed, such as Disk Drive or Printer. . Devices By Connection displays devices by connection type, such as System Board or Logical Disk Manager. . Resources By Type displays the status of allocated resources by type of device using the resource. Resource types are direct memory access (DMA) channels, input/output (I/O) ports, interrupt requests (IRQs), and memory addresses. . Resources By Connection displays the status of all allocated resources by connection type rather than device type. . Show Hidden Devices displays non Plug and Play devices as well as devices that have been physically removed from the computer but that haven t had their drivers uninstalled. To view detailed information about a device, double-click its entry in Device Manager. This opens the device Properties dialog box, as shown in Figure 13-2. Most devices have two tabs, either General and Properties or General and Driver. The most important information in the General tab is the device status. If the device is working properly, this is specifically stated. Otherwise, the error status of the device is shown, and you can click Troubleshoot to start the device troubleshooter. If the device is disabled, you have an option to enable the device instead (as shown in Figure 13-3). The Device Usage list controls a device s status as enabled or disabled. You can temporarily disable a device by selecting Do Not Use This Device (Disable). If you later want to enable the device, you can click the Enable Device button or select the Use This Device (Enable) option on the Device Usage list. 390 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Managing and Troubleshooting Hardware Chapter 13 Figure 13-1. Use Device Manager to view information about installed hardware devices. Inside Out View and save device settings for local and remote computers As discussed in the previous chapter, you can use Computer Management to view and work with settings on remote computers. Right-click the Computer Management entry in the console tree, and then select Connect To Another Computer on the shortcut menu. In the Select Computer dialog box, choose Another Computer, and then type the fully qualified name of the computer you want to work with, such as entdc01.microsoft.com, where entdc01 is the computer name and microsoft.com is the domain name. If you don t know the computer name, click Browse to search for the computer you want to work with. If you want detailed driver lists for multiple computers, you can do this using the Driverquery command-line utility. Use the /V parameter to get verbose output and the /SI parameter to display properties of signed drivers, such as driverquery /v /si. If you want to write the information to a file, use the output redirection symbol (>) followed by the name of the file, such as driverquery /v /si > system-devices.txt. Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out Chapter 13 7 On the final page, the wizard shows the results of the installation. If you have problems, use the troubleshooting links. Obtaining Hardware Device Information When you are working with hardware devices, often you ll want to obtain information about the currently installed devices and their configuration. You can view and work with installed hardware devices using Device Manager (Devmgmt.msc). This console tool is included with Computer Management. Viewing Device and Driver Details In the Computer Management console, click the plus sign (+) next to the System Tools node, and then select Device Manager. You should now see a complete list of devices installed on the system. By default, this list is organized by device type, as shown in Figure 13-1, and you can click the plus sign (+) next to a device type to see a list of the specific instances of that device type. The device list shows warning symbols if there are problems with a device. A yellow warning symbol with an exclamation point indicates a problem with a device. A red warning symbol with an x indicates a device that s improperly installed or that has been disabled by the user or administrator for some reason. In Figure 13-1, there is a problem with a PCI modem and a RAID controller. 388 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Managing and Troubleshooting Hardware Chapter 13 Tip Troubleshoot device installation If the device you re trying to install is already listed, check the icon to determine what needs to be done to troubleshoot the installation. If the icon has a yellow warning mark with an exclamation point, the device has a configuration problem. If the icon has a red warning mark with an x, the device has been disabled or is improperly installed. 6 Determine whether the wizard should search for new hardware or whether you want to select the hardware from a list, as follows: If you choose Search For And Install, the wizard searches for and tries to detect any devices on its list of non Plug and Play devices. The process takes a few minutes to go through all the device types and options. When the search is completed, any new devices found are displayed, and you can select a device to complete the installation. If the wizard doesn t find the device, you ll be prompted to click Next and search manually; if this happens, proceed by following the next bullet item. If you choose Install The Hardware That I Manually Select, or if no new devices are found in the automatic search, you ll have to select the hardware type yourself. Select the type of hardware, such as Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) and redundant arrays of independent disks (RAID) controllers, and then click Next. Afterward, scroll through the list of manufacturers to find the device s manufacturer, and then choose the appropriate device in the Model pane, as shown in the screen on the following page. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the wizard. Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Inside Out Chapter 13 2000 driver if a Windows Server 2003 device driver isn t available. In either case, you install the device using the Add Hardware Wizard. Follow these steps: 1 If the device has a CD or a downloadable Setup program, run it to copy the driver files to your hard disk. 2 Connect the device to the computer. For internal devices, such as an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) card, you must shut down the computer, add the device, and then restart the computer. 3 Access Control Panel, and then double-click Add Hardware to start the Add Hardware Wizard. 4 Click Next to skip the Welcome page and begin searching for the device. If the wizard finds the device, you can select it to install the correct device driver and complete the setup. In most cases, however, the wizard won t find the device and will instead ask you whether the hardware is connected, as shown in the following screen: If you ve already connected the new hardware, select Yes, I Have Already Connected The Hardware, and click Next to continue. Go on to Step 5. If you haven t connected the hardware, click No, I Have Not Added The Hardware Yet, and then click Next. The only option you have now is to click Finish. You must connect the hardware and then restart the Add Hardware Wizard. Skip the remaining steps. 5 The next wizard page shows a list of all installed hardware, as shown in the screen on the following page. The device you are trying to install shouldn t already be on the list (if it is, it is already installed and you must troubleshoot the installation). To add the new hardware device, scroll to the bottom of the list and select Add A New Hardware Device. Click Next to continue. 386 Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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Managing and Troubleshooting Hardware When you are ready to continue, click Next so the Windows operating system can search the specified locations for the driver. If the wizard finds a specific driver that is compatible, it installs it. If the wizard finds multiple drivers that might be compatible, it displays a list of matching drivers and allows you to choose the driver to use. As before, if no driver is found, the wizard will try to use Windows Update and find the driver on the Windows Update site. Choosing a Specific Driver or Bypassing the Default Driver Bypassing the default driver makes it possible to install an unsigned driver from a manufacturer rather than a signed driver included with Windows Server 2003. If you want to do this, choose the Install From A List Or Specific Location option when the Found New Hardware Wizard starts, and then click Next to display the search and installation options page. On this page, select Don t Search, I Will Choose The Driver To Install. After a short delay, the wizard shows a list of compatible drivers by model type, as shown in the following screen. If applicable, clear the Show Compatible Hardware option to display all of the drivers that are available by device type. Choose a device, and then click Next to complete the installation. Chapter 13 Installing Non Plug and Play Devices Although Windows Server 2003 doesn t detect or set up non Plug and Play devices automatically, it does maintain a driver cache for these devices. This driver cache has hundreds of drivers, any one of which you might be able to use. You might also be able to use a Windows Part 4: Managing Windows Server 2003 Systems
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